Triceps pushups are a very challenging exercise for the back of the arms. Like traditional pushups, they challenge a variety of muscles in the body (not just the triceps)...what makes them different is your hand position on the floor. By using a narrow hand-placement, you can really target the triceps muscles. This variation is shown on a ball, though you can do them on the floor as well.
Yet another way to spice up traditional pushups is to engage the core even more with an added side plank. By doing a pushup and rotating into a side plank, you'll build strength and endurance in the arms and shoulders, since balancing your body weight on one arm is much harder than on two. The rotation fires the obliques and even the legs work harder to keep you stabilized. For a modification, you can try this exercise on your knees as well.
This interesting variation of the traditional dumbbell chest press is more challenging than it looks, especially if you do it on an exercise ball. By alternating the arms, you add a new dynamic to the move where you have to engage your core to keep the body stable. When doing this version, you may need to go lighter on the weights. You might also want to try it on a bench or floor before moving on to an exercise ball.
Start on elbows and knees, locking hands together. Straighten legs and raise your body so that you’re supported by the balls of your feet, with feet hip-distance apart. Face the floor, being careful not to arch your back or stick your bottom in the air. Hold this position for 45 seconds to begin with, extending the time as you get stronger.
Using a ball for back extensions will give you more range of motion than you get on the floor and you'll also have a balance challenge since the ball is unstable. You may want to prop your feet against the wall to get more leverage.
The reverse fly is a great way to target the 'posture' muscles of the upper back, including the rhomboids, the trapezius muscles and even the rear shoulders. Because you're bent over, you'll likely need lighter weights than for other back exercises. Keep in mind that the range of motion on this is small as well - you only want to lift to shoulder level rather than straining to pull the elbows up behind the torso.